Code of Ethics Conduct Coca-Cola Company - 3157 Words

Challenges in the Global Business Environment Code of Ethics Conduct Coca-Cola Company Richard Bonds Dr. J. A. Anderson, Sr. Date May, 31 2014 Abstract Coca-Cola Company or Coke s the largest distributor of soft drinks in the world. Businesses such as Coke and other corporations set a strict code of ethics laws to live by and operate upon. This paper will illustrate the code of ethics of Coke the industry leaders and two of its partners/competitors PepsiCo and Dr. Pepper/Snapple Co. and the similarities of their ethics code for operations as American multination companies. Coca-Cola Company or Coke is the largest distributor of soft drinks in the world. A successful businesses like Coke and other†¦show more content†¦A look at the leader, for example, Coke incorporates an honesty policy which is a commitment throughout their operation passed down to their suppliers and distributors including a fairness and equal treatment of employees and associates policy worldwide. Coke expects their management to comply in a very diverse market to follow cultural and ethical compliance rules set by the company. This is key element for an American company born in the South thats now a global leader in over 200 countries. The second largest distributor PepsiCo, took it even further stating their code of ethics with equal opportunity and becoming a big proponent for sexual, cultural and racial equality in the workplace. PepsiCos CEO Indra K. No is a female of Indian decent in a male dominated industry. One of her goals as CEO was for better treatment of suppliers and workers at the lower level in countries that provide products staples for brands such as Tropicana and the other PepsiCo companies. (PepsiCo, 2012-2013) Code of conducts states We expect our suppliers and business partners to uphold these principles as well. Our Supplier Code of Conduct and Supplier AssuranceShow MoreRelatedCoca Cola And The Largest Distribution System1635 Words   |  7 PagesCoca-Cola Company is one of the best selling beverages companies in the world and it has extended the business worldwide. Coca – Cola Co. is an American manufacturing corporation taking care of the marketing manufacture and retailing of non – alcoholic beverages and syrup products throughout the world. Read MoreCoca Cola And The Largest Distribution System1602 Words   |  7 Pages Coca-Cola Company is one of the best selling beverages companies in the world and it has extended the business worldwide. Coca – Cola Co. is an American manufacturing corporation taking care of the marketing manufacture and retailing of non – alcoholic beverages and syrup products throughout the world. Coca-Cola Company serves more than 200 countries with over 500 brands, and it produces more than 3000 beverage productsRead MoreGoogle And Coca Cola Code Of Condu ct736 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment 1.7 Every company has a code of conduct that defines not only the legal minimum standards expected of its employees, but also how the employees should behave to enhance the company’s products and services. In a highly competitive environment, it is especially important for the name brands to maintain their reputation by strictly following the procedures that would provide the highest product quality. To gain a better understanding of this topic, I have read the codes of conduct of two globalRead MoreEthics And Product Consumption Of Coca Cola1320 Words   |  6 PagesEthics and Product Consumption Marketing is only one intricate facet for any company sustainability. There are six components for the marketing code of ethics, also known as â€Å"the six pillars† of marketing (6PM). The 6PM components includes: 1) caring, 2) citizenship, 3) honesty, 4) fairness, 5) responsibility and 6) respect. All these components separately play a significant part in the marketing code. Understanding how each element pertains individually and collectively to the success of a businessRead MoreCoca Col The World s Largest Beverage Company884 Words   |  4 Pageskey facts are that â€Å"Coca-Cola Company is the world’s largest beverage company and markets four of the world’s top five soft drinks brands namely Coke, Diet Coke, Fanta, and Sprite† (Ferrell, et al, 2013, p. 309). Over the years Coca-Cola has remained ahead of Pepsi, its main competitor. In 2006 however, Pepsi moved ahead of Coca-Cola by focusing on snack food and innovative strategies in the non-cola beverage market (Ferrell, et al, 2013, p. 309). The reputation of Coca-Cola has not only been amongRead MoreCase Study : The Coca Cola Company1568 Words   |  7 Pagescompetitive edge so that a company can be able to maximize its products profits. The above named companies are all in the beverage industry and they offer more or less the same products. The Coca Cola company which was founded in 1851 by Asa G. Candler. Since then the company has grown internationally and is the leading soft drink supplier and manufacturer. Their structure complies of: They offer a variety of products namely; Coca Cola, Sprite, Fanta, Diet Coke, Coca Cola Zero, Dasani, Minute MaidRead MoreEthical Issues Professional Codes For Marketing Activities Essay950 Words   |  4 Pagesissues professional codes for marketing activities. Identify 4 national and local government legislation and regulations and accurately describe in term of social and ethical implications and obligations for marketing activities. I would like to take an example of coca cola Company to clarify government rules and regulations in terms of social and ethical implications and obligations for marketing activities. Coca-Cola product was invented in 1886. The Coca-Cola Company also produces variousRead MoreFactors Affecting Management of Coca-Cola Essay1858 Words   |  8 Pagesorganization. Regardless of size, age, revenue, product, or service, planning is the most fundamental and important component for management. By no means is the Coca-Cola Company an exception. Arguably, Coca-Cola is the most recognized, most popular, as well as the biggest-selling soft drink in history. Synonymous for Coke, the company produced nearly 550 million servings in 2007 selling other brands such as Sprite, Dasani, Bacardi, Fanta, Minute Maid, and Powerade generating a net operating revenueRead MoreThe Code Of Ethical Conduct2052 Words   |  9 Pageswithin the company’s code of ethical conduct, and choose three (3) key iss ues from within the document that you believe are critical for success. There are very few companies that have been able to create a cultural movement with it products and marketing strategy such as Coca-Cola. Many companies over the years have used product placement and brand recognition as part of their long-term goals, but very few have been as successful as the Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola produces a wild rangeRead MoreCoca Cola And Its Social Responsibility1093 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the late 1800s until today, the Coca-Cola’s brand has evolved into a top contender in the beverage industry, which ignited the â€Å"cola wars† with the company’s top competition PepsiCo. with Coca-Cola controlling 45 percent of the global soft drink market; Coca-Cola’s most famous brands include: Coke, Diet Coke, Sprite, Powerade, Dasani water and Fanta with Coke, Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta being four of the top five leading soft drinks. At the peak of Coca-Cola’s reign, an estimated $1 billion

Tuberculosis Public Health Problem - 1389 Words

Tuberculosis in the Philippines Chelsea R. Caldejon #83972082 Public Health 1 2015 Zuzana Bic Public Health Problem My family originated from a very poor and underdeveloped country, where it is also incredibly humid and unbearably polluted. Men, women, and children alike walk around the streets barefooted and covered in dirt while suffocated by the grime in the air and the harsh burning sun. This is the Philippines, the country my ancestors fought for and ironically the nation that my family fled from in order to pursue a greater future for upcoming generations. It is also a breeding ground for many diseases to persist, as it is ideal due to the temperate and humid weather even while it rains. Tuberculosis is one of the unfortunate ailments that haunt the citizens of this republic. Tuberculosis is an airborne pathogen caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which generally attack the lungs and could potentially be lethal. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very a very small, sluggish in growth bacterium that could only reside in humans. It is not found in any othe r animal, plants, insects, or other living things. Due to its airborne lifestyle it required oxygen for survival, this means that when active it is often discovered in the upper regions of the lungs. When one inhales air that is contaminated with the bacterium, the person may or may not become infected. This reasoning is due to the fact that Mycobacterium tuberculosis has theShow MoreRelatedThe Revitalization Of Respiratory Disorder875 Words   |  4 Pagesrespiratory disorder particularly in the field of tuberculosis opposes health norm makers with difficult legal and ethical problems about the appropriate utilization of potential and assets to defend public health. This article depict that improvements of enlarge violations which including directly observed therapy, detainment of resistant patients, forcefully inject medicaments. This all prospects believe that to reduce risk factor of tuberculosis transmission to one person to another and preventionRead MoreNurses And Nursing In terventions Help Increase The Cure Of Patients Diagnose With Tuberculosis Disease?1706 Words   |  7 PagesPICOT Question Will increase knowledge among nurses and nursing interventions help increase the cure of patients diagnose with tuberculosis disease? PICOT element P – Tuberculosis patients I – Empower nurses with new evidence based practices and redirect their nursing practice skills towards early diagnosis of TB disease. Educate the society to be aware of TB disease and encourage them to seek medical help when experiencing any signs of TB. And provide resources to patients on Anti-TB Drugs to helpRead MoreMulti-drug Resistant Tuberculosis in india1233 Words   |  5 Pagesresistant tuberculosis has not only impacted India it has impacted other countries like Africa. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis is when the regular medicine such as isoniazid and rifampicin one of the two anti-tuberculosis drugs used, the resistance can occur either through not following the proper treatment guidelines or from a drug resistant bacteria, tuberculosis can be caused from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis a bacteria that causes tuberculosis which attacks the lungs. Tuberculosis occurs throughRead MoreEpidemiology.Research. Tuberculosis1560 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Tuberculosis _ Epidemiology and Nursing Research. Concepts in Community Public Health NRS427V November14, 2013 Tuberculosis _Epidemiology and Nursing Research. Communicable diseases occurs in every country regardless of urban, rural, or with socio economical diversities. In order to help in prevention and control of communicable diseases, locally, nationally and globally, nurses who are working with the public health system , mustRead MoreControlling Tuberculosis in China1200 Words   |  5 PagesControlling tuberculosis in China Introduction Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of theRead MoreMDR Tuberculosis in Georgia: Problem in Prevention and Control1052 Words   |  5 PagesMDR-TB prevention and control in Georgia. The problem of MDR-TB increased in the past decade despite relative success in TB prevention, early detection and introduction of new treatment methods. The document will pinpoint the main reasons behind rise in MDR-TB cases, and provide situation analysis based on existing statistical data and research. It will also give recommendations on necessary measures to decrease MDR-TB cases in Georgia and avo id public health risks and financial burden related to MDR-TBRead MoreTuberculosis : A Infectious Disease Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesTuberculosis; often referred to as the silent killer, is a highly infectious disease that is contracted annually by 9.3 million individuals globally, and causes 1.8 million deaths. It’s high mortality rate led to the formation of the American Lung Association in the United States in 1904, after it was declared the leading cause of death during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The origin of tuberculosis is not certain; the first documented deaths were recorded in ancient Egypt andRead MoreCommunicable Disease : Prevention And Prevention1195 Words   |  5 Pagesworldwide; however, tuberculosis is one of the contagious disease which killing many people in worldwide. This paper will discuss about tuberculosis disease and demographic of interest, factors that contribute disease process, role as public health nurse on preven tion and organization who contributes on resolving the disease process. The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (2016) indicates that tuberculosis is one of the contagious diseases which are caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.Read MoreBackground of Study(Tuberculosis)1743 Words   |  7 Pagesfatal like cancer, stroke and tuberculosis. The interventions of health care are needed in order to decrease the mortality and morbidity rate. Greater effort in maintaining health must be practiced to live a healthier and longer life. Tuberculosis is still a great challenge to humankind, because since then, there have been many drugs that are available at an affordable price, prevention is not that costly, but there are still people who are dying because of tuberculosis. The Philippines ranks ninthRead MoreTuberculosis : An Airborne Infectious Disease1547 Words   |  7 PagesI. Public Health Problem Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease generally caused by the bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) [1]. The United States’ number and rate of new tuberculosis cases has kept declining since the TB reemergence in 1992, however, there is a slight increase in the number and the rate of new TB cases, 1.7% and 0.9%, respectively, in 2015 with a total of 9,563 new cases and a rate of 3.0 cases per 100,000 population compares to 2014 [2]. Tuberculosis

Global Warming Myth Free Essays

Man made global warming does not exist. Evidence suggests that carbon levels are not abnormally high and that the ice caps are not melting away. There are many reputable scientists who question this theory we call global warming. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming Myth or any similar topic only for you Order Now Others would say it is a way for the government to control more and more of our daily lives and to move along an agenda that benefits certain groups and individuals. Man made global warming is a theory being preached to us as gospel and being taught as fact already proven. However there are a large number of people in the scientific community who would disagree. One of the most prominent opponents of man made global warming was Dr. Frederick Seitz. â€Å"Dr. Seitz is a physicist who served as the president of the National Academy of Science during the 1960’s and of Rockefeller University from 1968 to 1978. In 1973 he received the National Medal of Science. †(Oriana Zill de Granados, PBS. org, April 24, 2007, p1. ) Dr. Seitz known as the â€Å"Grandaddy of global warming skeptics† (Buisness week, June 24. was an apponent of climate change saying that â€Å"the science behind global warming was likewise inconclusive and certainly didn’t warrant imposing mandatory limits on the greenhouse-gas emissions† (Mark Hertsgaard, Vanity Fair. com, While Washington Slept, May 2006, p3. ). Dr. Seitz believed science was being misrepresented and wrote an â€Å"op-ed page to The Wall Street Journal thrashing the integrity of a 1995 I. P. C. C. and that global warming and ozone depletion were exaggerated threats devised by environmentalists and unscrupulous scientists pushing a political agenda†. Mark Hertsgaard, Vanity Fair. com, While Washington Slept, May 2006, p3) He also wrote that â€Å" This IPCC report, like all others, is held in such high regard largely because it has been peer-reviewed. That is, it has been read, discussed, modified and approved by an international body of experts. These scientists have laid their reputations on the line. But this report is not what it appears to be–it is not the version that was approved by the contributing scientists listed on the title page. In my more than 60 years as a member of the American scientific community, including service as president of both the National Academy of Sciences and the American Physical Society, I have never witnessed a more disturbing corruption of the peer-review process than the events that led to this IPCC report. † (Dr. Frederick Seitz, Wall Street Journal, June 12, 1996) Dr. Seitz was also a main component to and wrote the forward for the Oregon Petition. The Oregon Petition states â€Å"We urge the United States government to reject the global warming agreement that was written in Kyoto, Japan in December, 1997, and any other similar proposals. The proposed limits on greenhouse gases would harm the environment, hinder the advance of science and technology, and damage the health and welfare of mankind. There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gasses is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth’s atmosphere and disruption of the Earth’s climate. Moreover, there is substantial scientific evidence that increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide produce many beneficial effects upon the natural plant and animal environments of the Earth. (Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine. org) This petition has garnered over 31,000 signatures of scientists who feel that man made climate change is not definitive. Almost 10,000 of those who signed the petition have PhD’s. This petition shows that there are a large number of scientists who question man made global warming exists, unlike the Washington Post writer w ho wrote about scientists who are skeptical about global warming â€Å"but these few- about 2% of climate researchers- could hold their annual meeting in a phone booth, if there are any left. (Larry Bell, Forbes, That Global Warming Consensus, July 17, 2012 p. 1) These scientists are not just forming an opinion on the subject there is mounting evidence to back up their claims against climate change. We hear about the ice caps melting and watch on television polar bears stranded on floating pieces of ice that have broken off and drifting away. National Public Radio published a story on its website claiming â€Å"Ten years ago, a piece of ice the size of Rhode Island disintegrated and melted in the waters off Antarctica. Two other massive ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula had suffered similar fates a few years before. † (Richard Harris, NPR. org, Humans Role In Antarctic Ice Melt is Unclear, August 22, 2012) This leads to a conclusion that Antarctica is melting away when just the opposite is happening. According to (James Taylor, Antarctic Ice Sets Another Record, Forbes, September 19, 2012) † Antarctic sea ice has been growing since satellites first began measuring the ice 33 years ago and the ice has been above the 33 year average throughout 2012†. Snow and ice are steadily increasing and growing faster than it is melting. Meteorologist Anthony Watts shows us new information from ICESAT(Ice, Cloud, and Land SATellite) which is NASA’s top satellite for observing and measuring the earths ice and masses. â€Å"During 2003 to 2008, the mass gain of the Antarctic ice sheet from snow accumulation exceeded the mass loss from ice discharge by 49 Gt/yr (2. 5% of input), as derived from ICESat laser measurements of elevation change. The net gain (86 Gt/yr) over the West Antarctic (WA) and East Antarctic ice sheets (WA and EA) is essentially unchanged from revised results for 1992 to 2001 from ERS radar altimetry. † (Wattsupwiththat. com, Anthony Watts, ICESAT Data Shows Mass Gains of the Antarctic Ice Sheet Exceed Losses, September 10, 2012) So ice and snow are growing in Antarctica and a new study by NASA suggests that the continent once was green and full of vegitation. The frozen continent of Antarctica which some believe is melting away due to global warming once was green and suitable for vegitation. The peak of Antarcticas green perioid was between 16. 4 and 15. 7 million years ago during the Micene Epoch†. (NASA. gov, June 17, 2012, p. 2) During this time carbon levels, which is the main contributor to greenhouse gasses and global warming were â€Å"400 to 600 parts per million(ppm)† (NASA. gov, June 17, 2012,p. 2) Carbon levels today are at â€Å"393ppm, the highest they have been in the past several million years. † (NASA. gov, June 17, 2012, p. ) This shows our carbon levels today are almost the level they were millions of years ago when Antarctica was green and yet today snow and ice are building in the region. If carbon levels are almost the same as they were millions of years ago than who was creating them? We are told over and over again we cause global warming from our cars to refriderators to hairspray. The question needs to be answered who was driving in Antarctica 16 million years ago? The answer is nobody. Global warming is being used as a tool generate fortunes for the government and take our liberty away. How to cite Global Warming Myth, Essay examples

Applying Strategic Management Theories

Question: Discuss about the Applying Strategic Management Theories. Answer: Introduction: Management theories and concepts are integral part for any organisation. Managers of an organisation are responsible to undertake the various managerial activities that are best suitable for the organisation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the management and work culture at the online retail giant Amazon. An evaluation of the management activities carried on in this organisation shall be explored. Based on evaluation, certain recommendations shall be made that could be regarded as the best practice for the managers to undertake that would directly improve the workplace activities. Identification of problems from the case study: Analyzing the case study on Amazon, it has been observed that the organisation has been facing certain challenges in terms of its managerial activities. Poor condition of the employees: The management has been accused of tearing apart the business ideas of the employees along with secret transmission of messages inside the organisation (Kantor Streitfeld 2015). In fact, it has also been observed that the employees were facing major sabotage issues as well. The eligible employees are not recognized in the organisation while the poor performers are directly terminated from their posts Health and safety concerns at the workplace: Concerns related to the neglect of the occupational health and safety standards of the companys employees was evident. From the case study, it has also been observed that the situation of the employees working at the warehouses is even worse (Kantor Streitfeld 2015). The employees must work under very high temperature. Thus, with the overall analysis, the Company prioritizes focused on improving their relationship with customers to increase their profitability rather than improving the internal condition. iii. Domination of the leader: Jeff Bezos the Chief Executive Officer of Amazon has been declared as the fifth wealthiest man and his company has been doing their business successfully. Amazon has a huge customer base and has been successful in the field of online retail business (Kantor Streitfeld 2015). The Company has also gained fame in customer servicing as well. However, the companys success and profitable running is due entirely to the employees, but the organisation is degraded by not upholding the rights of their employees. The only thing that motivates the working employee is the Big Brand. More focus on improving internal organization: With the overall analysis of the case study it has been found that the CEO, Jeff Bezos does not undertake the popular managerial approaches like motivating employees or providing employees certain opportunities to take part in major business decision making towards the organisation. The Mr. Bezos has been found to look for better opportunities in terms of innovations and made approaches to expand the profitability of the organisation (Kantor Streitfeld 2015). Thus, it was clear that no such positive approach has been made to improve the condition of the employees. Therefore, it can be easily ascertaining that the management has always focused on improving the image of the organization among its stakeholders. Little attention has been made on the betterment of the employees. Application of management theories: Based on the problems identified above, several management theories can be proposed to improve the organisational situation. As it has been evident that the employees at the organisation do not enjoy any kind of benefits and to some extent the employees are not given the basic rights and opportunities to perform well in the organisation, which is important to motivate them. According to the expectancy theory, if the employees are treated well in an organisation, they can be expected to work with more efficiency in the organisation (Kantola 2015). Vrooms expectancy model is based on motivating the employees based on reward and recognition. It has been assumed that to motivate the employees, it is important to provide them reward at the right time. On the other hand, if the employees are not rewarded accordingly, they would not serve the organisation properly (Miner 2015). Various methods of rewarding include providing incentives and bonuses and also giving the eligible employees appropriate position promotions. The Schwartz value model, talks about motivating employees and its direct influence on the organisation. It has been stated that the performance of the employees depends on certain values. The management of the organisation is responsible for undertaking better approaches to meet with these desired values and improve the standard of the work (Modaff, Butler DeWine 2016). The employees should be served with some desired goals and objective. These values are depended on the importance of priorities and importance that shall eventually help to improve the overall organisational productivity (Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes 2015). According to this model, it is equally important that care should be given on the health and security of the employees that they appreciate the organisational contribution towards them (Ferlie and Rosenberg Hansen 2016). Leadership theory; Transformational leadership: The organisation still follows a strict bureaucratic leadership style and has prohibited the employees to make any kind of participation in creating any control or ownership over the organisational activities. Strict control is kept on monitoring the activities of the employees. There are various leadership styles that are practiced in an organisation. Bureaucratic leadership style is the type of leadership where the official duties are fixed to the higher authorities, these leaders are responsible for making major management decisions and the overall activities of the organisation (Nahavandi 2016). No authority is given to the employees of the organisation. Transformational leadership is the leadership approach where the higher authority works along with the employees and identify the changes needed in an organisation (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). In this respect, the eligible employees could easily guide the management in creating a better vision for the organisation and execute any kind of change that would drive the organisation in a positive direction. When transactional leadership attempts are made, there remain the chances of inclusion of better innovative ideas and benefits for the organisation. If the technological advancement of the organisation is taken into consideration, it must be said that the organisation has been utilizing every bit of technological advancement to improve their business activities (Latham 2014). The campus of the organisation is a big tech and has all the technological equipment installed that would make their work simpler, easier, and faster. The conventional leadership talks about the leadership approach inclined towards the use of technology. These types of leaders rely more on the advancement of technology rather than depending on their consumers (Harvey, Hill Landis 2014). These types of leaders are rather decisive and do not consult with others present in the organisation prior making any decision. These leaders are more focused on the ultimate result of the activity rather than undertaking the approach of understanding the needs of the employees. Proposed recommendations: Keeping the condition of the organisation and the leadership approach that is evident in the organisation, several recommendations can be made. Better leadership approach: As it has been found that Bezos has not been successfully acting as a good leader which has been evident from the poor condition of the employees, it is highly recommended that better leadership approach should be taken (Nahavandi 2016). This might require changing the organisational culture and the form of leadership style that the organisation is accustomed to. Therefore, it is recommended that the organisation would undertake transformational form of leadership where the employees shall also be given the opportunity to participate in the business activities. Introduction of motivational factors: The organisation lacks the factors that motivate the employees. The employees are not satisfied at all and there is urgent need of introducing certain motivational factors that would eventually create better opportunities for the employees to participate in the organisational business activities (Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes 2015). If the company undertakes this approach, it is expected that the employees will be boosted and their spirit to work for the organization would therefore increase. iii. Better health and safety standards r the employees: The organisation completely lacks any approach towards health and safety measures and the employees show their grievance towards the same. Amazon came under fire in 2011 when workers in an eastern Pennsylvania warehouse toiled in more than 100-degree heat with ambulances waiting outside, taking away labourers as they fell. After an investigation by the local newspaper, the company installed airconditioning (Kantor Streitfeld 2015) Therefore, to improve the performance of the employees they should be availed with proper resources that would take care of their health and safety needs (Ferlie Rosenberg Hansen 2016). So, undertaking better approach for improving safety measures is indeed important. Conclusion: With the detailed analysis on the case study, it has been found that the organisation lacks proper leadership approach and this is the reason the employees are found to suffer. There are other concerns as well that has de-motivated the employees to work for the organisation. Based on these findings, it has been recommended that the leader needs to come up with better leadership style along with certain motivational factors that would eventually help the employees to participate in the major organisational activities. This way, the organisation can improve its present condition. References: Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Kantola, J., 2015.Organizational Resource Management: Theories, Methodologies, and Applications. CRC Press. Kantor, J. and Streitfeld, D., 2015. Inside Amazon: Wrestling big ideas in a bruising workplace.New York Times,15, pp.74-80. Landis, E.A., Hill, D. and Harvey, M.R., 2014. A synthesis of leadership theories and styles.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,15(2), p.97. Latham, J.R., 2014. Leadership for quality and innovation: Challenges, theories, and a framework for future research.Quality Management Journal, 21 (1),5. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Modaff, D.P., Butler, J.A. and DeWine, S.A., 2016.Organizational communication: Foundations, challenges, and misunderstandings. Pearson. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015.Strategic international management. Springer. Nahavandi, A., 2016.The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Rosenberg Hansen, J. and Ferlie, E., 2016. Applying strategic management theories in public sector organizations: Developing a Typology.Public Management Review,18(1), pp.1-19. Tyssen, A.K., Wald, A. and Spieth, P., 2013. Leadership in temporary organizations: A review of leadership theories and a research agenda.Project Management Journal,44(6), pp.52-67.

The Kite Fight in The Kite Runner Essay Example

The Kite Fight in The Kite Runner Essay A kite flying in the air, suddenly gets struck and cut down by another kite. This is an average activity in the city of Kabul. It is called kite fighting. Amir’s life in The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, is represented by the big kite fighting tournament in Kabul that Amir and Hassan try so hard to win. The first item that relates Amir’s life to the big kite fight is how Hassan stays by Amir’s side and helps him in the kite fight (his kite runner), just like throughout Amir’s life Hassan is always lingering with Amir. Even if Hassan is not there physically, his presence still crosses Amir’s mind many times. Hassan lives within Amir throughout his whole life. One case of when Hassan pops up in Amir’s mind is when he is leaving Farid’s house he says, â€Å"Earlier that morning, when I was certain no one was looking, I did something I had done twenty six years earlier: I planted a fistful of crumpled money under a mattress,† (Hos seini 242). Even twenty-six years later Amir is still thinking about what he did to Hassan’s life and ultimately his own. Amir constantly is thinking about what he did to Hassan and his dad, and how different it would be if he had not put the money and watch under his mattress. During the kite fight Hassan sticks by Amir for every second of the fight, just like Hassan stays in Amir’s mind for his whole life. To add to the argument Hassan was also still with Amir when Rahim Khan comes to talk to Amir and says, â€Å"Ali was sterile, Rahim Khan said. No he wasn’t. He and Sanaubar had Hassan, didn’t they? They had Hassan.. No they didn’t, Rahim Khan said,† (Hosseini 222). Hassan was all along Amir’s brother. This was after Hassan had died too, so even beyond the grave Hassan was still affecting Amir. Not only was Amir affected by this, he finally connected all of the dots to things like why Baba never forgot Hassan’s birthday, or why Baba seemed to like their Hazara servant just as much as

American Colonial Period essays

American Colonial Period essays The period from 1690 to 1760 saw massive changes in the social, political and economic landscape of early America. Because of the importance of travel and agriculture, the first colonies grew along the coasts. The colonies were self-sufficient and had distinct cultures. However, they were also linked by commerce and navigation. By the early 18th century, New England colonies like Boston and Salem were established shipbuilding communities as well as important ports for ships from around the world. Colonies in Virginia and Maryland, on the other hand, would grow agricultural economies and export tobacco These economic changes would spur several social changes as well. The prosperous economies attracted impoverished immigrants from Old World countries like Italy, Germany and Ireland. This gave rise to several ethnic-based conflicts, as Irish and Italian groups fought for scarce jobs In the Southern plantations, however, the need for farm labor spurred the importation of slaves. Thus, rather than mere ethnicity, conflict in these areas were polarized according to skin color as well. In the 1770s, these religious conflicts spawned by the Great Awakening further polarized the colonies. Presbyterians in the middle colonies responded to the encroaching Age of Enlightenment with a revival of religion. This soon spread among the Puritans in New England as well as other colonies and later, among the Baptists in the South. This religious revival had important effects on social and political life in the colonies. Citing religious grounds, historians like many "common" folk felt empowered to challenge the materialism of their wealthier counterparts. Also, historian Harry Stout argues that the phenomenon of mass preaching and fervent crowds paved the way for new, "democratized" forms of communication and even laid the foundations f ...

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Art - Essay Example This â€Å"something that can be conceived but not seen nor made visible† is often referred to as the sublime, a quality of transcendent greatness â€Å"with which nothing else can be compared and which is beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement or imitation† (Wikipedia, 2006). The presence of this sublime element, then, inspires the imagination in a specific direction based on which elements remain visible or understandable. Its significance is in the way in which it brings attention to the uncertainty of meaning inherent in the work, such that no resolution makes itself apparent. To understand how emotions or the sublime can be communicated through visual art, the work of modern artists Marcel Duchamp, with his â€Å"Nude Descending a Staircase #2†, and Amedeo Modigliani, with â€Å"Head of a Woman†, will be compared in terms of their materials, subject matter, content, composition, color and impacts of context or the time period in which they were produced. In terms of materials, both works of art are oil paintings placed on stretched canvas. Thus, they each represent a two-dimensional surface with little room for actual depth or movement. Although numerous means had been devised to create the illusion of depth in flat surfaces such as this, neither artist makes much use of these devices, instead allowing their backgrounds to remain relatively dark and formless. There are hints, however, at some form of space created in each. In Duchamp’s painting, for example, there is a hint of the stairway mentioned in the title in the bottom left corner offset by a somewhat smoother, flatter surface in the upper right corner. Because of the juxtaposition with the figure in the center, this latter surface seems to fall back, providing a shallow space within the painting. Modigliani also provides some sense of depth in his painting with unidentifiable dark-colored spaces to the right of the

Healtha nd social services and policy issuese Essay

Healtha nd social services and policy issuese - Essay Example Organizations offering such services seek to facilitate minimizing the monetary burden by hindering the obligation imposed on the local authorities by relatively more expensive residential care services. The organizations offering domiciliary care services to the targeted group of clients need to be efficient and prompt in delivery of services, considering the nature and scope of their duties and hence active steps need to be taken to ensure effective service delivery, provision of high quality services, and satisfying the health needs of the individuals relying on their services, in the best possible manner. This paper on Health and Social Care services and Policy Issues is aimed at analyzing and investigating issues concerning productivity of the private domiciliary care services and develop means and alternatives in the form of effective policies and practices to combat the various challenges posed. This paper also seeks to look at the prospective alternatives and choose the best possible solution for improving and enhancing organizational productivity by taking into consideration performance management issues along with other key issues concerning labor efficiency, availability of skilled labor, finances available for provision of efficient services etc. Domiciliary care services that offer adult community care comprises of a varied range of services which are designed, developed and delivered in affiliation with a host of essential factors including service users, carers, healthcare providers as well as other social groups and suppliers belonging to the constitutional and autonomous sectors. These services are designed to fulfill the assessment needs of a considerable portion of population, comprising of individuals, families, as well as communities as a whole which are in dire need of availing support, personal health care and protection. Such services are chiefly intended to endorse and safeguard the vulnerable

The Responsibility of Public in Crime Control Strategies Essay

The Responsibility of Public in Crime Control Strategies - Essay Example It not only depends upon different institutional frameworks but also takes into consideration the geographical as well as linguistic considerations before it can actually be implemented in its entirety. It is, however, important to understand that the overall concept of crime control and prevention largely depends upon how State can actually play its part in defining the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders involved. During the 1970s and 1980s, it was strongly assessed that crime control and prevention may not be entirely under the control of State. Increasingly, government authorities believed that crime control is actually beyond the power of State. There were two important arguments which suggested this phenomenon i.e. the limited capacity of the criminal justice institutions in controlling the crime and there are crime control mechanisms which are outside the boundaries of the State. It was considered that by reforming the State institution as well as involving non-state mechanisms, government authorities can actually effectively devise new mechanisms to control and prevent crime. Crime prevention comprises of any acts taken by the public institutions or private individuals which are aimed at reducing the damage done by the acts which are defined as criminal acts by the State’s criminal laws. Public protection has become one of the key public issues and much legislation has been done in this regard to ensure that society can effectively deal with the criminal few and develop public protection to the point where society as a whole feel more safer.( Ashworth & Zedner,2012) The above definition therefore critically suggests the involvement of private individuals in crime prevention. The public and private partnership in order to prevent crime are considered as an essential tool in order to ensure that the society as a whole functions crime free. What is also, however, important to understand that crime prevention is a relatively fluid term and it has been suggested that it needs to be classed in order to effectively understand the term and its application.     

The Different Sources Of Finance And There Implications Finance Essay

The Different Sources Of Finance And There Implications Finance Essay The assignment attempts to explore the different sources of finance and its implicationIt describes how different structures and cultures affect the business performance of the organization. It identifies the cost of finance as a resource, budgeting and financing adequately. The application of investment appraisal technique and long term decisions. Shows the understanding of basis business and accounting terminology. Research Methods. Theoretical studies from different books and Handouts from our tutor. Personal academic knowledge about business finance.ACCA background. JS AND Co. medium sized retailer scenario. Sources of Finance Js and Co. must be very aware of the importance to use the appropriate sources of financing meeting the needs of your company. Sources of finance to business There are different sources of finance,namely : Short term finance- Trade credit Commercial banks -overdraft Fixed deposits for a period of 1 year or less Advances received from customers Various short-term provisions Operating lease. Medium term finance- Debentures/bonds Public deposits/fixed deposits for duration of three years Commercial banks Short term loans

How My Actions Affect Other People :: essays research papers

The biggest way that my actions affect other people is that of betrayal. Other people trust me with responsibilities, and when I take a negative action towards that trust it decreases. On the other hand, if I have a positive reaction towards the trust that awarded to my behalf, then I am trusted with more and bigger responsibilities. Trust comes in many shapes and forms, and there are too many people in the world today for us to not go a day without someone relying on us in some way. There are many things that we are obliged to do on a daily basis. Everything from me starting the car in the morning and not taking off, to me going to school everyday and so on. There are also irregularities in our daily responsibilities such as me having an English assignment on occasion or me having to get to guitar lessons. Every one of those things is a responsibility that if neglected will have a negative impact on all parties involved. If I don’t go to school, then my parents feel like they are neglecting me as a child and I am doomed for the streets, or they are given the headache of trying to discipline me, which despite all teenagers beliefs – discipline is not something that parents have fun giving out. Also, should I ever start the car in the morning and take off, my mother now has to walk to work, or call Dad. They now don’t trust me enough to know if I went to school or not, and a 1000 lb. Monster has now taken off with a very irresponsible and untrustworthy person controlling. Also, should I ever not do that English assignment that I was asked to complete, then Mr. Cobbe is now given the headache of punching in a zero to a kid who he honestly believes, "is one of the top students, if not the top student in the class; who is sitting at a 60-65%, and should be mid-to-top nineties" Causing him not only a little bit

College Students Poor Food Choices Due to Stress Essay

Some examples of uncomfortable feelings might be anxiety, depression, feeling pressured, procrastination, troubled relationships with peers, not doing well in academics, or not being economically successful. Students that live in the dorms may choose fattening foods at the cafeteria or â€Å"treat† themselves to fast food because they are emotionally unstable. Most of these college students also do not think that their new habit is a negative one. The reason why college students eat fattening, high sugar foods could be because of a mental or a biological satisfaction. This research will give an explanation for why many medicate their emotional states with food. Food choices are often made based on one’s unhappiness, angst, or trauma. College students may feel as though pleasing their mouths will please their hearts and ease their state of stress. Many will endorse preferring the taste of highly salted, high sugar content foods, while others will state that this is the food they grew up eating, and some will say this is what is most affordable and accessible. Doing anything excessive because a stressor is acting upon you damages ones psyche; when one over eats and becomes obese, their sense of your self-image is altered negatively. The Cafe with buffets, fast food restaurants, and late night pizza deliveries are just a few of the enticements that college students are facing as they adjust to their new found independence and life on their own for the first time. My freshman roommate was from Sweden; when she came to America she was considered a normal weight. However, as she was experiencing the college and had a lot of American food available she chose fast food and unhealthy foods at the cafe at school to cope with being home sick, and being stressed out about school and soccer. However, she woke up one morning and realized that her belly was much bigger than when she first came to America. She waddled over to a mirror and grabbed her stomach and said, â€Å"how come you’re stomach is not this big? We almost do the same things. † I said, â€Å"I knew it was secretly a dream of yours to be ‘thick’ so the vitamins I gave you the other night were for you to get big overnight. This just relieved the tension and she had gotten her insecurity off of her chest. However, it did not solve her psychological crisis that had triggered negative feelings about her physical appearance. The main reason why she was over eating and eating unhealthy was because she was depressed and missed home – not because she was hungry. Many college students go through the same scenario that my roommate experienced. Some students feel as though abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake will comfort them physically and mentally. This research will be done on the college students who live in the dorms at Holy Names University. The units of analysis that will be observed are poor food choices and the factors of stress. Some major influences that that affect food choice are biological determinants, economic determinants, physical determinants, social determinants, and psychological determinants. A mode of operation that can be observed is the biological purpose that food serves; to put nutrients into our body. Humans need energy and nutrients in order to survive and will respond to the feelings of hunger or satisfaction of appetite. The central nervous system is involved in controlling the balance between hunger, appetite stimulation and food intake. Palatability is proportional to the pleasure someone experiences when eating a particular food. This aspect will most likely play a huge part in the decision making process for the food choices that college students make. Palatability is dependent on the sensory properties of the food such as taste, smell, texture and appearance. Sweet and high-fat foods have an undeniable sensory appeal. It is not surprising then that food is not solely regarded as a source of nourishment but is often consumed for the pleasure value it imparts. Another mode of operation that can be observed is the psychological factors that are in play during the decision making of making proper food choices. Stress and one’s mood can modify behaviors that affect health, such as physical activity, smoking or food choice. The influence of stress on food choice is complex not least because of the various types of stress one can experience. The effect of stress on food intake depends on the individual, the stressor and the circumstances. In general, some people eat more and some eat less than normal when experiencing stress. Studies also suggest that if work stress is prolonged or frequent, then adverse dietary changes could result, increasing the possibility of weight gain and consequently cardiovascular risk. Other than causing likely psychological insecurities, obesity can bring on a plethora of health conditions, including heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, knee and joint problems, various types of cancer and death. Bellise 2005) This study will be nomothetic; it will be describing the study of food choices and agents of stress within the cohorts of undergraduates that live in the dorms, particularly on the C-floor level of Durocher, on the Holy Names University campus. This research will be done by using deductive reasoning. Sometimes this is called the â€Å"top-down† approach because the researcher starts at the top with a very broad spectrum, which would narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that can be tested. Stress can cause bad eating habits like impulsive eating, overeating, binge eating, or compensatory behavior. The key variables and concepts involved in this study are stress and poor food choices. One should not use food to cope with stress and other negative emotions, because afterwards he or she will feel even worse. Becoming obese not only causes many physical disadvantages, but also can create psychological insecurities that must be dealt with. I will be using the Student Stress Survey (SSS) that measures the major sources of stress among college students. Also, I will be using a Eating Habit Questionnaire (EHQ) to measure how healthy one’s choices are when they make decisions about food. Some contributing indicators for stress are: anxiety disorders, weight problems, depression, premature aging, heart disease, chronic fatigue, high blood pressure, memory loss/brain fog, migraines, PMS, sleep problems, seasonal affective disorders, joint disorders, and sexual dysfunction. The peculiar thing is, that the indicators for having malnutrition are similar. However, when dealing with bad eating habits, one who isn’t getting enough food or nutrition or one that doesn’t have enough food or nutrition, can also have more serious indicators like: cancer, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, advanced aging, hormonal imbalance, and a decrease of hepatic function. The level of measurement that will be utilized during this research is mainly ordinal. This research will focus on two dimensions, food choice and level of stress. This allows the research to demonstrate how stress affects ones all around health. During this research, there will be two different types of surveys that will be combined and put into one leading scale measurement. This research will ask HNU students, qualitative questions that are open-ended, sampling questions or scenarios that make individuals contemplate about their food decisions and how it can be used to medicate depression. This is a collective case study that introduces a typology that is useful when selecting participants in multiple-case studies. This typology centers on a parallel sampling design. A parallel sampling design represents a body of sampling strategies that facilitate credible comparisons of two cases. Unfortunately, there can be a few open ended scenarios where someone could have just been eating badly for that week or some food is more convenient during a time period than another. Another thing to take into account is that perhaps some deal with stress differently than others. Part II This research will take place through the Holy Names University dorm rooms and I will be going door to door, starting with the people that live on my floor, then to the people that live above and below me in Durocher. These students are all undergraduates that are not freshmen. I will be asking as many people as I can later that night because that is when most of my peers are available to sit down and take a survey. The reliability for this experiment should be accurate because this is a replicated study of a survey and a questionnaire that have already been tested and have ways of measuring how sever ones stress is and what food choices one makes. This study has the ability to perform the exact same way every time it is being tested and it will be interpreted under the same conditions. The validity that will be focused on during this experiment is concurrent validity which measures the test against a set benchmark; higher correlated indicators prove that my test has strong criterion validity. Therefore, those who rank higher in stress levels and also rank high in eating unhealthy prove my theory true. The Survey: EHQ: Instructions: * This is not a test. There isn’t a right or wrong answer. * Read or listen to each question carefully and think about it before you choose an answer. * To choose an answer, put an X next to your choice. Choose only one answer for each question unless you are asked to choose more than one. * If you want to change an answer, erase your old answer and mark your new choice. Be sure to erase completely. * Do not skip any questions. What Gender do you fall under? ___Male ___Female Check the food in each line that you think is better for your health. 1. ___cookies OR ___an apple 3. ___chocolate cake OR ___an orange 4. ___ice cream OR __ _fresh fruit cup 5. ___whole milk OR ___low-fat or skim milk 6. ___frozen yogurt OR ___ice cream 7. ___french toast OR ___whole wheat toast . ___grilled chicken sandwich OR ___hamburger 9. ___baked potato OR ___french fries 10. ___fruit juice OR ___soda 11. ___donut OR ___bread 12. ___cold or ready-to-eat cereal OR ___eggs and bacon 13. ___green salad OR ___popcorn 14. ___raisins OR ___candy bar 15. ___pasta OR ___pizza Check the box under YES or NO to answer the following questions if you have experienced this at Holy Names University based off of the availability to the Cafeteria and a grocery store near by: In the last 2 weeks, did you ever. . . | YES| NO| 16. Eaten fruits for bereakfast? | | | 17. SSS: To determine your stress score, add up the number of points corresponding to the events you have experienced in the past 12 months. 1. Death of a close family member (100 points) 2. Death of a close friend (73 points) 3. Divorce between parents (65 points) 4. Jail term (63 points) 5. Major personal injury or illness (63 points) 6. Marriage (58 points) 7. Firing from job (50 points) 8. Failing a class (47 points) 9. Change in health of a family member (45 points) 10. Pregnancy (45 points) 11. Sex problems (44 points) 12. Serious argument with close friend (40 points) 3. Change in financial status (39 points) 14. Change in scholastic major (39 points) 15. Trouble with parents (39 points) 16. New girl-or boyfriend (37 points) 17. Increase in workload at school (37 points) 18. Outstanding personal achievement (36 points) 19. First quarter/semester in college (36 points) 20. Change in living conditions (31 points) 21. Serious argument with an instructor (30 points) 22. Lower grades t han expected (29 points) 23. Change in sleeping habits (29 points) 24. Change in social activities (29 Points) 25. Change in eating habits (28 points) 26. Chronic car trouble (26 points) 27. Change in the, number of family get-togethers (26 points) 28. Too many missed classes (25 point) 29. Change of college (24 points) 30. Dropping of more than one class (23 points) 31. Minor traffic violations (20 points) 32. Roommate problems (15 points) _________Total Points Here’s how to interpret your score. If your score is 500-645, you are at high risk for developing bad eating habits because you are more stressed. If your score is 200-350, you have a 50-50 chance of experiencing a serious effect on your health based on your level of stress. If your score is below 150, you have a less serious chance of your stress level interfering with your food decision making. Bibliography Carol Olander. Eating habit questionnaire. 1999. 3/13/13 <http://www. nncc. org/evaluation/nutrition5. html>. Dr. France Bellisle. The Determinants of Food Choice . 08/03/2013. 3/09/12 <http://www. eufic. org/article/en/expid/review-food-choice/>. Grilo, C. M. , & White, M. A. (2011). A controlled evaluation of the distress criterion for binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(4), 509-514. doi: 10. 1037/a0024259 Grossbard, J. R. , Atkins, D. C. , Geisner, I. M. , & Larimer, M. E. (2012). Does depressed mood moderate the influence of drive for thinness and muscularity on eating disorder symptoms among college men? Psychology of Men & Mascularity, doi: 10. 1037/a0028913 Mackinnon, S. P. , Sherry, S. B. , Graham, A. R. , Stewart, S. H. , Sherry, D. L. , Allen, S. L. McGrath, D. S. (2011). Reformulating and undergraduate women: A short term, three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(4) , 630-646. doi: 10. 1037/a0025068 Morehead State University . Stress Survey. 2011. 3/12/13 <http://www2. oreheadstate. edu/leo/index. aspx? id=6299>. Stice, E. , Rohde, P. , Shaw, H. , & Marti, C. N. (2012). Efficacy trail of a selective precention program targeting both eating disorder symptoms and unhealthy weight gain among female college students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(1), 164-170. doi: 10. 1037/a0026484 Tylka, T. L. , & Kroon, V. D. (2013). The int uitive eating Scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation with college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(1), 137-153. doi: 10. 1037/a0030893;10. 1037/a0030893. supp (Supplemental)

What Is A essays

What Is A essays A fleet transportation company that is involved in the transportation of hazardous materials, such as LPGs (liquid petroleum gases), needs to have the knowledge and training provided for their drivers in the Companys safety program for emergency response and driver awareness, when involved in the transportation of this type of products over the highways. Due to the violent reactions and circumstances if there is an accident involving a tanker truck transporting LPGs, and a fire is involved, every second will count to avoid a potentially fatal situation. The driver if not seriously injured and properly trained can help avoid the loss of life and property when becoming a first responder during an accident involving tankers transporting LPG s. Boiling-Liquid-Expanding-Vapor Explosion (BLEVE): A type of rapid phase transition in which a liquid contained above its atmospheric boiling point is rapidly depressurized, causing a nearly instantaneous transition from liquid to vapor with a corresponding energy release. A BLEVE is often accompanied by a large fireball if a flammable liquid is involved, since an external fire impinging on the vapor space of a pressure vessel is a common BLEVE scenario. However, it is not necessary for the liquid to be flammable to have a BLEVE occur. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is particularly exposed to the risk of serious accidents such as BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion), i.e. explosion of a tank due to rapid evaporation of the liquid contained caused either by a depressurization wave generated by a hole accidentally formed in the tank shell or by an intense heat radiation load due to an external fire. As a consequence of the tank failure, the tank is flattened to the ground, giving rise to a strong blast wave, a destructive fireball, and in some cases the formation of numerous fragments that can be propelled significant distances. The characteristic time duration...

Curtain Call Dos and Donts for the Stage

Curtain Call Dos and Don'ts for the Stage For many actors, the curtain call makes all of the stressful auditions, tedious rehearsals, and manic performance schedules worth the experience. Most actors crave audience approval. In fact, I have yet to meet a thespian who has told me, You know what? I cant stand applause. But how does one accept the standing ovations? Is there an etiquette to curtain calls? Not exactly. Each show may have its own way of presenting the actors after the conclusion of a play or musical. Generally, the director decides which actors bow first, second, third, and all the way up until the starring members of the cast take their final bows. Its up to each individual actor as to how one behaves during the curtain call. Over the years, I have collected advice from both performers and audience members about what makes a good (and bad) curtain call. DO: Rehearse the Curtain Call Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse. Even if the director does not seem to care about it. Practice a few times so that the curtain call is a smooth process and everyone knows their entrances. A sloppy curtain call with confused actors bumping into one another is not how you want to conclude your opening night. DONT: Take Too Long Nothing sullies a good show like an excessively long curtain call. If the show consists of six or fewer actors, its fine for everyone to take an individual bow. But for medium to large casts, send out groups of actors based on the size of their role. The actors dont need to run, but they do need to be quick. They should bow, acknowledge the audience, and then make way for the next set of performers. DO: Connect with the Audience Normally, when an actor is performing they avoid breaking the fourth wall. Even when they look off stage, they do not look directly at the audience. Yet, during the curtain call, the actor is free to be him/herself. Make eye contact. Show your genuine feelings. Be yourself. DONT: Stay in Character Of course, there are exceptions to this rule. Some actors feel more comfortable remaining in character while on stage. When I perform in a comedy, I often walk to center stage in character. But once I reach the center stage and take my bow, I shed my character and become myself. Generally, audiences appreciate getting a glimpse of the artist behind the character. DO: Acknowledge the Crew / Orchestra After the cast bows as a group, they should then gesture towards the orchestra pit (for musicals) or the lighting/sound operators at the back of the house (for stage plays). Some professional theaters forgo offering applause to the technical crew (perhaps because a steady paycheck is their reward). However, I highly recommend that non-profit theaters give their voluntary crew members their own taste of applause. DONT: Deliver Speeches after the Curtain Call Producers and directors might be tempted to thank the audience and discuss the creative process. Theater owners might seek a chance to plug season tickets. Dont give into that temptation. One: it spoils the theatrical experience. And two: Most of the audience wants to use the restroom and perhaps buy a souvenir. Let them. DO: Give the Audience a Chance to Meet the Cast Members Depending on the venue, it can be thrilling for audience members to meet the actors after the performance. During the original run of Into the Woods, audience members could enter a side-curtain and shake hands with their favorite performers. I fondly remember meeting the cast of the Los Angeles production of The Phantom of the Opera at the stage door. Giving fans an extra glimpse, a spare moment or even an autograph will add to the shows publicity.

Immigration Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Immigration Law - Essay Example The objection by Steggles Limited in the House of Commons to the incorporation of a proposal by Yarrabee Chicken Company Pty Ltd has a certain modern resonance. This is a gloomy prognosis of the effects of limited liability upon insolvent companies. Steggles appeals against both of those findings. The first question that arises on the appeal is, therefore, the question of construction of clause 7.4(a). The primary judge took into account the language of the clause considered in light of other provisions of the contract, as well as contextual considerations.The nature of the term, which the primary judge had implied into the contract, reflected that against that background, there is, no doubt, a major challenge for the legal adviser in communicating comprehensibly to those who conduct their business, through corporations, large and small, about the law, which those structures lie, created and which regulates their operation. That challenge remained enhanced when corporate structures l ie allied, as they often are, to trust arrangements. On the grounds and case law, which the judges on appeal decide, is that which lies implied in terms of fact. These, however, do not require to give ‘business efficacy’ to the contract as The fact that Steggles was free at all times to determine the number of chicks or the density of the batches to be delivered to the Growers was very much at the heart of the contract. It shows that the contract stood weighted heavily in favor of the commercial interests of Steggles.... The objection by Steggles Limited in the House of Commons to the incorporation of a proposal by Yarrabee Chicken Company Pty Ltd has a certain modern resonance. This is a gloomy prognosis of the effects of limited liability upon insolvent companies. Steggles appeals against both of those findings. The first question that arises on the appeal is therefore the question of construction of clause 7.4(a). The primary judge took into account the language of the clause considered in light of other provisions of the contract, as well as contextual considerations. The nature of the term, which the primary judge had implied into the contract, reflected that against that background, there is, no doubt, a major challenge for the legal adviser in communicating comprehensibly to those who conduct their business, through corporations, large and small, about the law, which those structures lie, created and which regulates their operation. That challenge remained enhanced when corporate structures li e allied, as they often are, to trust arrangements. On the grounds and case law, which the judges on appeal decide, is that which lies implied in terms of fact. These however do not required to give ‘business efficacy’ to the contract as The fact that Steggles was free at all times to determine the number of chicks or the density of the batches to be delivered to the Growers was very much at the heart of the contract. It shows that the contract stood weighted heavily in favor of the commercial interests of Steggles. 3With regard to this implied term issue, it is sufficient in our view to say that the flaws in the Growers’ approach to the construction of cl 7.4 lay revealed in the difficulties, which her Honour discussed, in particular, in

Palomar Hotel's overall property and operation description Research Paper

Palomar Hotel's overall property and operation description - Research Paper Example The hotel offers free Yoga mats in all the rooms. The organization has onsite fitness centre which remains open 24*7 for the customers of the hotel. In their in-room spa services the hotel offers message treatments, body treatments and facial treatments. It shows the focus of the hotel towards the wellness of the customers. Unique services related with the pets of the customers are also unprecedented that Palomar offers. The hotel takes special care of the pets of the visiting customers (Bing and John 112-117). The hotel provides sophisticated luxury experiences to customers and also provides simple elegant services to them. The business purpose of this hotel is to provide an elegant, sophisticated experience to the customers and to offer unique services to them. With its large scale operation the organization manages large number of employees. The hotel has rich history and it was founded in 1981. State of the art facilities, different modern services and the geographic location of the hotel are the significant competitive advantages of Palomar. ADR of the hotel is $ 4.7 million. All the information given in the above section is significantly important for the customers because all those information will help them to identify the scale of operation of the hotel. It will make them aware about the different services that the hotel offers to its customers. The information related with different signature items of the hotel will inform the guests about the level of special offering to customers. Special offerings showcase the uniqueness of the hotel. The history of the hotel will create a brand image in the minds of the guests. It will create a sense of trust in among of the customers and they will be able to know the rich culture and back ground of the hotel. ADR is a metric which will indicate average realized room rental of the hotel to the customers. The full form of ADR is average daily rate.

Financial calculation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial calculation - Essay Example Planning for a new business or expansion of a business today is never again a simple task. Globalization had caused factors that are previously 'foreign' to local business, becomes more and more influencing. Local producers cannot relax and keep producing mediocre quality products as foreign competitors entering the local market. The furniture industry for example, has become an international business rather than local. Local furniture producers in a country as far as Jamaica are threatened by the presence of US competitors ('Globalization and', 2003).The global environment has made planning a more complicated task as non-financial measurements are become increasingly important toward business forecasts. Specific preferences of the industry, habits of international competitors, and other non-financial factors must be considered, to prevent bias reporting of financial forecasts. Nevertheless, financial performance is still the main indicator of corporate success or failure. This is wh y the financial calculation has always been incorporated within academic studies.Financial performance of a corporation can be evaluated by observing financial ratios. Financial ratios are indicators designed to elaborate certain aspects or corporate financial performance. Different aspects are elaborated by different ratios. There are four types of financial ratios, they are:Profitability ratios display the rate of return resulted from company operation over a certain period. The amount of profit itself is not sufficient to describe corporate performance over the period. Excess of revenue over expenses are compared to total sales and corporate assets in order to obtain a ratio that describe how much money resulted from existing assets (Financial Ratios, n.d). Several profitability ratios are profit margin, return on equity and return on total assets: Ratios 2003 2004 2005 Profit margin 30.00% 18.75% 11.67% Return on asset 15.38% 17.44% 7.29% Return on equity 35.29% 31.91% 12.73% According to corporate financial statement, Fine furniture is experiencing a significant decline over the last three years. In order to properly assess corporate performance we actually ought to compare corporate ratios with industrial average. However, comparison of the three periods available has clearly displayed significant downward shift. The ratios indicated that profitability performance decline more than 50% over the past two years. Due to limited data available, we are using end of year numbers to calculate the financial ratios, instead of average numbers. Liquidity Ratios Liquidity Ratios display corporate ability to pay short-term debt. The ratios compare liabilities of the company to existing assets, to see how many assets are available to guarantee each dollar of corporate short-term loan. The most well known liquidity ratios are current ratio and acid test ratio: Ratios 2003 2004 2005 Current Ratio 1.24 1.89 1.57 Acid Test Ratio 0.86 1.19 0.79 Fine furniture displayed average liquidity performance regarding liquidity ratios. The best performance was during the year 2004. Current ratio increases during 2004, but decreases again during 2005. Similar patterns are shown by the Acid Test Ratio. Solvability Ratios Solvability ratios have similar functions to liquidity ratios. However, solvability ratios concern long term instead of short term corporate abilities to meet existing obligations. Solvability ratios include debt ratio, gearing ratio and equity ratio. Ratios 2003 2004 2005 Debt Ratio 0.97 0.95 0.94 Gearing Ratio 0.06 0.08 0.10 Equity Ratio 0.44 0.55 0.57 According to financial statements, Fine Furniture has not seemed to take full advantage of long term debt possibilities. This is revealed by the gearing ratio, which displayed that only a very small portion of the capital is financed using long term debt. However, the debt ratio described acceptable

Establishing the Academic Performance of Veterans in the Us Colleges Essay Example for Free

Establishing the Academic Performance of Veterans in the Us Colleges Essay The word veteran comes from Latin word, vetus which means old. It’s used to mean a person who has experience or has served for a long time in the armed forces. Though sometime it may be used to even include those still working in the armed forces (Howe 23). In some countries holidays dubbed Veterans Day have been celebrated to honor the veterans. After World War 2 veteran groups like the veterans of foreign wars and even the American legion pushed for the enactment of the GI bill which has ensured that veterans access free or subsidized education and health care (Howe 23). Objectives †¢ To determine the level of academic performance of veterans in the US colleges. †¢ To understand the reasons why veterans decide to go back to college. †¢ To comprehend the effect of being a veteran on academic performance. †¢ To classify the academic performance of the veterans i. e excellent, moderate e. t. c. Justification Frances claims that the Vietnam veterans, who were on duty between 1956 and 1975, were psychologically devastated and bitter (45) and addicted to drugs (46). They include the people who had an uphill task readjusting to the normal society life, in the US history context (47). Several movies e. g. Hi mom (1970), 1971’s hard ride and Marvel Comic’s movie The Punisher among others have constantly shown that the experience at the Vietnam war for example was so devastating (Jay 23). This warrants a study that probes to know if the government’s efforts to take the veterans back to college is the most appropriate measure. The results will boost the morale of the veterans. The researcher hypothesis will be a Null hypothesis-There is no relationship between high academic performance and being a veteran. It will be assumed that the respondents exam result will be a true reflection of their academic capability and that past exam marks achieved were not characterized by any irregularities. Literature review A number of recent studies keep pointing at the fact that those combat veterans who have PTSD have exhibited memory lapse. According to Nash (112) and Andrew (99), other psychological dimensions including intellectual capacity, veterans with PTSD have been ok just like other non-veterans. According to the newly signed GI bill by the USA president George W. Bush on 30th June 2008, all American young veterans are assured of a chance to obtain a college degree or university degree free of charge (Montreal Gazette). An example of the serious attention being given to this sector is Horatio Alger association’s commitment in 2005 to distribute 10 million dollars to those veterans who fought wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. This bill was signed in recognition of the Jewish War Veterans. It was also signed in order to review the educational benefits attached to the military, navy or the air force from which a majority of the veterans emanate and which have been outpaced by the standards of living. The bill has been timely because it eliminates the stringent procedures and replaces them with a minimum of three years of active service to the nation in the military, navy, air force or any other troops like reservists or guardsmen. The veteran benefits are to those who have participated actively in long term state duties and have received an honorary discharge from duty e. g. the American Soldiers who went to fight the war in Iraq and made it back home (National Guard). The financial Aid office and the department of veteran affairs in the US which is based at Ivy Tech in Southern Indiana have been very instrumental in promoting education for the veterans. According to a recent survey by Minnesota state colleges and universities (2007), 80% of National Guard soldiers from Minnesota completing their overseas deployment, said they were keen on beginning or returning to complete their higher education (Karmaz 345). These veterans returning from military duty abroad face numerous challenges i. e. personal, relationship, employment matters and education as they struggle to return their lives to normal civilians (Nash 116). As the president of Las Positas College DeRionne Pollard puts it in her welcome note, the veterans have made an astonishing difference in the lives of their countrymen and women. The peace and freedom that is enjoyed by the US for example as she puts it, is as a result of the tiresome work and a strong sense of duty exhibited by the veterans in their various state assigned duties (Andrews 34). This study will therefore be seeking to establish the general academic performance of veterans and the factors responsible for the standards In veterans elementary public school in Chula Vista that caters for approximately 542 students from grade k-6 in 2007 had an adequate yearly progress of 845 surpassing the 800 mark set by the state of California. Sounds impressive but, how about other schools/colleges? (Neubauer Diane 376) Methodology This study will utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods. In quantitative method, the academic records of the veteran students will be analyzed; their performance will then be compared to the other non-veteran students in the same setting. A test will also be set and administered to all respondents. The research will utilize several resources including stationery, analyzing computers where data is entered and comparison charts and graphs produced. Qualitative method will also be used be used to generate the opinions of the respondents. Unstructured questionnaires will be used to generate this information. All qualitative information of similar nature will be grouped together i. e. information coding. The coded information will then be organized in the form of matrix and then conclusions drawn from the data, E. g. Oral examinations on general topics can also be posed, the respondent’s answers will then be checked for content and their levels of understanding understood. Data analysis The quantitative data on the performance of the subjects will be compared with that of a control reference population of students with the same characteristic but who are not veterans. The qualitative information will also be translated into percentages of the subject who prefer to go back to college for several reasons. The qualitative information will then be used to explain the performance of the veterans quantitatively. For example, if a majority of veterans go back to college because they want to gain knowledge or because they want to develop new careers and assist their families, then we would rightly conclude that the high performance by the same people is purely because of self motivation and not because of the harsh conditions they faced in service for the nation. Results According to (Willenz 56), a case study done on 204 veterans in Michigan, it was found that 60% of the respondents performed well in college at the beginning but later their performance depreciated and they eventually underperformed, with approximately 20% of them dropping out. Of those who dropped out, 90% of them were not going for counseling sessions. The results clearly show that though many veterans want to go back to college, their past experiences plays a major role in what becomes of that decision. However there is a serious need for the veterans to be attached to counselors or psychologists whose therapies should make them fit to go back to college and stay on course to achieve desirable results. Veterans most of the time have suffered severe consequences of war and therefore as a show of appreciation for the sacrifices they made the government through a specifically set financial scheme offers to take them back to school or if they accidentally passed on in line of duty, their family members are given the benefits. These benefits have been characterized with a lot of procedural technicalities that have denied genuine candidates their dues. The most common scenario is that of veterans living in conditions of poverty and engaged in a lot of legal battles with the state in an attempt to prove that they are worth compensating. For the veterans to become normal civilians after participating in military wars there is need for a carefully structured educative system that re- integrates them into the society through counseling and other methods. Recommendations The veterans occupy an integral part of any society. Their contribution in safeguarding the interests of their nation calls for more than is currently being offered even by the US. Young veterans only should have the option of going back to college as compulsory especially if they had not gone to college. But aged ones should be given an opportunity to access the compensation in terms of finances and be able to do what they like with it. The Compensation for duties discharged should not only be education grants but should also include job placements. Because of their selfless actions it would be prudent for the concerned governments to increase the compensations given to those who have been disabled in the line of duty. The duration of service should be a determining factor for compensation.

Depictions of the Reformation in Art

Depictions of the Reformation in Art The corruption and immorality of the Church spurred the Christian Reform movement in Europe, eventually leading to the hundred years of civil war between Protestants and Catholics or the Protestant Reformation. The Counter- Reformation began with the Pope Paul IIIs calling of the Council of Trent in response to Protestant uprising; this movement was initiated by the Churchs attempt to re-establish its power as the only true Church of Christ while pacifying the current disorder as well. The creation of these two rivaling movements jeopardized the Roman Catholic Churchs absolute authority in Europe, dividing it into the regions of the Protestant North and Catholic South. Influenced by these two opposing movements, the North and South branched out into different directions in terms of its culture and artistic style of painting. They developed unique style of painting, depicting differing themes, styles, and contents based on their dissimilar beliefs. What influence did the reform moveme nts have on the paintings from the south of the Alps, the north of the Alps, and the Netherlands and were the artists from these regions inspired by each other despite the divergence in their styles? The paintings by the artists from the South of the Alps would most likely been influenced by the Counter- Reformation, while the works produced from the other two regions would reflect the influence of the Protestant Reformation due to their geographical locations. Therefore, the content and purpose of the works from these regions should differ but some similarities may exist in the artists painting techniques because it was common for artists to travel to Rome during this time. It is interesting to analyze how the style in 16th and 17th Century Europe was shaped by the religious disparity and the development of new ideas which were reflected in the paintings. Since it is inaccurate to generalize the whole European continent into only two sections, I decided to narrow down my topic by focusing on the South of the Alps, the North of the Alps, and the Netherlands. I chose to study these regions because the South of the Alps was the center of Counter- Reformation strongly embraced by the Roman Catholic Church, while the North of the Alps was the birth place of the Protestantism. And the Netherlands was the hot bed for dispute between Calvinism and Catholicism. I referred the Protestant Reformers as one group, choosing not to deal with the Protestant sectarianism, a division within the Reformers due to the difference in their interpretation of the sacred texts, as part of my research. The final spark of the Protestant Reformation was The Ninety-Five Theses written by Martin Luther in 1517. His work disclosed Churchs dishonesty, rousing doubts in peoples minds about the Catholicism and also the Churchs authority. His criticism of the sale of indulgences and the Roman Catholic clergys abuses quickly earned popularity among people, regardless of their social standings and wealth, ultimately giving birth to Protestantism. Martin Luther condemned the sale of indulgences as a violation of the original meaning of confession and penance. Indulgence is the forgiveness of the temporal punishment for sins that have already been confessed. Reformers like Zwingli and Calvin had also commented on the corruptions within Church, but Luther was the one who introduced the radical idea of purifying the Christianity by physically breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church. The Luthers idea spread rapidly throughout the Europe, threatening the Roman Catholic Churchs established auth ority especially in the North. In addition to being known as the center of the Counter-Reformation, the South of the Alps was known as the center of stylistic development as well. It was the place of passion and innovation with the overflow of new artistic styles eventually giving birth to the Italian Renaissance. The artists from all of the Europe visited Rome and were inspired by the unique Italian styles. Aside from the innovative styles of Italian Renaissance, its content was often strictly religious. The Roman Catholic Church attempted to re-establish the catholic faith among people by regulating the artworks produced. The southern painters were forced to bring back the medieval tradition of producing strictly religious art, branching off into the different direction from the Northern painters. Scipione Pulzone was famous in Rome as the prototype of the Southern painters during this time period for his strictly religious paintings. The Lamentation, one of his most famous paintings, serves as the prime example of the art commissioned by the Church. Painted in 1592 for the chapel of the Passion of Christ in the Jesuit church of Gesà ¹ in Rome, this painting is clearly influenced by the Counter- Reformation in that it demonstrates the new artistic style advocated by the holy council. The Crucifixion of the Christ is the focus of this art piece, drawing viewers attention directly to the idealistic image of Christ in the center. Like other southern painters during this time period, the artist propagated faith by portraying the lives of saints and Christ in a realistic yet intensely dramatic manner. The careful details, facial expressions, along with the shadows cast on people enhance the lifelike characteristics. The depiction of the folds on peoples gowns is also note-worthy. The artist adds details such as tears of Virgin, the crown of thorns held by John, and the pallor of the Christs body to portray people in a more expressionistic manner. Moreover, the spotlight on the Christ in the center contributes an illusionistic and dramatic element to the painting which counter-balances the paintings realistic image. The light cast on the Christ, in comparison to the dark background, creates almost a theatrical impression. These characteristics represent the style of art in the south of the Alps during this period, also called the Italian Renaissance. Catholic Italy and Lutheran Germany shared in a lively commerceand the art of the sixteenth century in the north manifests the benefit of the exchange. Although the religious clash tormented the sixteenth century Europe, the exchange of artistic ideas continued to thrive. In the North, the intellectual shakeup of age-old faiths and opinions prepared the way for a new and nonreligious outlook on the world-the Enlightenment-when the rise of a scientific view of nature would challenge forever the dogmatisms of the past, also called the Northern Renaissance. However, the art of northern Europe during this period is also characterized by a sudden awareness of the advances made by the Italian Renaissance and by a desire to assimilate this new style. In other words, while the content of the artworks produced in the North differ from those of the region south of the Alps, the style was similar. Many northern artists traveled to Rome to study the new art in firsthand and others were exposed to the Italian style of painting through the direct contact with the Italian artists who came to the north. The influence of the Italian art varied according to the artist, the time, and the place; the northern artists generally kept their local traditions while adopting on ly single motifs or the general form of a composition. The Northern painters in general moving away from depicting biblical scenes and turned to painting ordinary people in a commonplace setting can be inferred to have been influenced by the Protestant- Reformation. Especially in the north of the Alps, the artists quickly incorporated Italian style into their artworks while avoiding portrayal of religious themes. The famous work, The Battle of Issus, by Albrecht Altdorfer in 1529 is a great example of a northern painting that diverges from the works produced in the regions south of the Alps. Albrecht Altdorfer represents the Donaustil (Danube Style), which depicts the landscape and stresses mood and passion. Although Altdorfers style is unique and personal, it still reflects the influence of Protestant- Reformation in that it eliminates depiction of religious themes. Moreover, his style clearly diverges from the style of painting prevalent in the regions of the south of the Alps. The painter gives a birds eye view of an Alpine landscape as the setting and depicts the battle scene in which the Alexander the Great overthrows the Persian King Darius. Instead of illustrating the strictly religious theme, the artist chooses to focus more on depicting the historical event. The crowd of people in comparison to the vast nature in the background suggests the moralizing theme of the insignificance of h uman life. He uses the vast nature in the background to symbolize the power of cosmos and the illuminating sky to represent the immense space. The slight trace of Italian Renaissance is shown by the meticulous details the painter uses for the image of Alexander the Great and the dramatic and illusionistic portrayal of the setting. Also the idealistic impression of the artwork as a whole resembles that of the Italian Renaissance paintings. Another praise-worthy example of Northern painting is The Judgment of Paris by Lucas Cranach the Elder, who is the representative of German Protestant painting. This work is a great example of how his works shifted from religious to humanistic subject matter when he became a follower of Luther. His humanistic subject matters include mythology, history, and also portraits. The Judgment of Paris illustrates the scene from mythology in which the three goddesses boast off their beauties in front of Paris. The humanistic subject matter along with the background landscape reflects the typical characteristics of Northern paintings. The cupid in the painting serves as a symbol for love and affection while the German armor that Paris is wearing in the painting represents his social status as a knight and his honor. The artist does not dress the goddesses after the antique manner. Cranachs composition featuring the nude was inspired in an attempt to learn from the style of Italian Renaissance. The Four Apostles by Albrecht Durer in 1526 is a remarkable northern painting that is stylistically influenced by Italian Renaissance. This art piece is unique in that the painter expresses his own religious and political testament, sympathizing the protestant cause and [warning] against the dangerous times, when religious, truth, justice, and the virtues all will be threatened. Unlike other Northern paintings, this piece does contain religious meanings, but it distinguishes itself from Italian paintings by eliminating any glorification of the Church. This piece was hung in the city hall, the four apostles symbolically representing the guardians of the city; they are cautioning people against the sermons of false prophets who will misinterpret the word of God. The four apostles are symbolic representative of various ideas such as the four temperaments, of the human soul, and also the four ages of man. In this painting, Durers experience of traveling to Italy allows him to harmonize t he two opposing styles of northern naturalism and southern monumentality. The realistic visualization of the four apostles reflects the northern naturalism while the monumentality of the figures along with the vivid use of color and sharp lighting mirror the Italian Renaissance. Durer, along with Cranach and Altdorfer, serves as an example of northern artist who illustrated contents related to Protestant-Reformation while incorporating styles of Italian Renaissance into his paintings. The Netherlands was the exceptional region in North in which Calvinism and Catholicism co-existed. In the late 16th Century, the Northern Netherlands was able to break away from Spains influence, while the Southern Netherlands remained under the rule of Spain. Therefore, the Northern Netherlands eventually embraced Calvinism while the Southern Netherlands remained as supporters of Catholicism. It is important to realize that Dutch and Flemings were not predestined to become Calvinists and Catholics; it was solely caused by the geographical and military circumstances. No curtain existed between the North and the South that forbid the exchange of ideas. In fact, Constantin Huygens, a diplomat and an art critic, referred to great painters of Amsterdam, Utrecht, and The Hague collectively as the painters of Netherlands. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that the Northern Netherlands was only influenced by Calvinist ideas, which also applies to the Southern Netherlands. In the early 17th Century Catholicism was suppressed and catholic churches were demolished due to the iconoclast movement, but the protestantizing of the Northern Netherlands was still a slow process. Most artists chose to remain as Catholics, although exact number is hard to determine. However, the attempt to repair damage caused by the iconoclast movement was not as extensive and as systematic in the North as in the South. The Northern Renaissance in the Netherlands took on a completely different form from the Italian Renaissance because the Church no longer was the major patron in the North. Instead, the wealthy merchant middle class were the primary patrons of the art and thus, the Dutch masters painted small pictures for their small houses, not for the Cathedral altars. Since large church commissions were no longer available, artists changed their styles in accordance to the taste of their new customers. The artists from the Netherlands specialized in intense realism, depicting lifelike features with an unflattering honesty, unlike the Italian Renaissance painters who specialized in idealism and simplicity. Therefore, the basis of art for the Northern Renaissance was observation while for the Italian Renaissance, it was theory. The Northern Renaissance in the Netherlands indirectly reflects the influence of Protestantism in that religious themes no longer prevailed in art, although more direct causes were the changing structure of the Netherlands economy and culture. The artworks produced in the 17th Century Netherlands were more conservative compared to those of Germany, concentrating on the nature and the past times of the prosperous Dutch merchants. The direct portraits, realistic still-lifes, landscapes, marine-scapes, and genre paintings showing scenes of everyday life were popular subjects of the Dutch artists. A Scene on the Ice by Hendrick Avercamp in 1625 is an accurate representation of a typical Dutch style, illustrating the commonplace scene of people enjoying winter sports in the quiet village of Kampen northeast of Amsterdam. His style clearly reflects the Northern Renaissances realism and its use of details, faithfully depicting the winter. He enhances his realistic rendering by using a frosty day to convey a sense of depth; the pearly gray tonality here becomes ever paler and the forms less distinct as they move into the distance. His work is unique in that it successfully portrays all classes of Dutch society through by using meticulous details, from the poor fisherman surveying the skater to the well-dressed ladies riding in an elegant sleigh driven by a groom. This is the typical genre painting of Northern Renaissance departing itself from the religious influence of Roman Catholic Church of Italy. A seascape, along with landscape, also became very popular in Holland due to the rise of merchant class; view of Dordrecht from the Dordtse Kil by Jan Van Goyen painted in 1644 serves is an impressive seascape painting. The artist uses monochromatic phase, which is a technique in which a single color dominates the painting, to unify each view of nature; the golden brown aura dictates the scene, from the hazy clouds to the city skyline. He reached the summit of Northern realism by lowering the horizon to focus more on the atmospheric conditions overhead and by creating an illusion of standing on the opposite shore of the port. Unlike the Northern Netherlands, the Southern Netherlands was more influenced by the Counter Reformation than the Protestant Reformation. The Reborn Catholicism in Spain had an undeniable impact on the Southern Netherlands provinces. Moreover, France sent numerous religious orders and congregations to Spanish Netherlands in order to secure the Catholics authorit y. The disparity in the contents of the paintings resulted from the disagreement in Protestants and Catholics perspectives of the human relationship with god. Unlike the Protestants who claimed that humans are capable of having a direct communication with god, the Catholics argued that intermediaries, such as saints and the Virgin Mary, are essential for humans to connect with god. Therefore, Catholics created artworks of saints, the Virgin Mary, and Jesus and gave reverence to them, as a way of getting closer to god. Although the Catholics asserted that they are not worshipping the intermediaries, the Protestants criticized this practice and led the iconoclastic movements. Iconoclasm is a deliberate destruction of religious icons and symbols within ones own culture for religious changes. The Protestants and Catholics conflict was caused by the difference in their perspectives of the sacred and secular;while the Catholics maintained the clear separation of the two, the reformers recogni zed the connection between the two. Consequently, the Roman Catholic Church clergy advocated strictly religious and sacred artworks whereas the reformers preferred artworks depicting the lives of ordinary people. The Northern Protestant painters believed that an ordinary life could glorify God just as much as a life `in the ministry ; since god created humans in His image, the reformation artists claimed that they are glorifying god by portraying the natural beauty of his creation, in other words, the people. These differing ideas are well conveyed through the artworks produced from the regions south of the Alps, north of the Alps, and the Netherlands mentioned above. My thesis is partially proven to be correct in that Italian art was definitely influenced by the Counter- Reformation and that German art was influenced by the Protestant- Reformation. But contradicting to my statement, the Netherlands was influenced by both religious movements. According to the Art History Professor S arah Blick from Canyon University, the Counter- Reformation had a more direct influence on art produced after 1520s then the Protestant Reformation. Therefore, she suggested me focus on the lack of religious content in the artworks in order to study the influence of Protestant Reformation during her interview. Although artworks from each of these regions have distinct characteristics that set them apart, Italian style of painting frequently perceived in these artworks indicate that artists were inspired by each other. Because I had to narrow down my topic, many new questions emerged from my research. I am curious to know whether the various Protestantism had different influences on art. For this research, I referred to Protestants as one group but I want to extend my research so that I can investigate on the influence of the Protestant Sectarianism on art. Bibliography MacCulloch, Diarmaid. The Reformation A History. New York: Viking Adult, 2004. Print. The Annotated Mona Lisa. Missouri: John Boswell Management, Inc., 1992. Print. Helen, Gardner,. Gardners art through the ages. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College, 1996. Print. Iconography of the Counter Reformation in the Netherlands heaven on earth John B Knippings Art of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. HyperHistory.net. Web. 07 Oct. 2009. . Scipione Pulzone (Il Gaetano): The Lamentation (1984.74) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: metmuseum.org. Web. 07 Oct. 2009. . Janson, H. W. History of art for young people. New York: H.N. Abrams, 2002. Print. Matters of Taste: Genre and Still Life Painting in the Dutch Golden Age. Welcome to Albany Institute of History and Art. Web. 07 Oct. 2009. .